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一名中国新移民初到北美,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……
至于性毛病,更是老中难于启齿、欲语还羞的尴尬。见到洋医生,窘迫万分,不知如何开口才是,真有「犹抱琵琶半遮面」的感受。
以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
厕所
在加拿大厕所大多叫washroom,在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,根本没有人使用。
解小便
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:「Will (could) you urinate in this cup?」医生或许也会问:「Do you have trouble urinating?」=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
此外,还有其他的说法:to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。
例如:
*I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
*How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。
例如:
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.(在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。)
* He went to the john a few minutes ago.(他在几分钟前上了厕所。)
* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.(劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。)
不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
* The boy needs to pee.
然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。
例如:
* Do I need a urine test?
注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
解大便
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a ####。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是「大肠在转动」)
此外,还有其他的说法: to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)= to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
* The patient needs to take a ####. (=to make a bowel movement)
不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM.。
例如:
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
放屁
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。
例如:
* 医生有时问:「How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?」(你放屁的次数很多吗?)
* Is the gas expelled by belching?(是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?)(动词是 belch)
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.(吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。)
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.(过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。)
* Be careful not to fart in the public.(注意在公共场所不可放屁。)
至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
(注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.(胃不舒服有两星期了。)
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)(他经常便秘。) 或
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.(他拉了一阵肚子。)
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)(大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。)
中英对照看病就诊名词
医学名词 Medical Terminology
- 过敏 Allergy
- 健康诊断 Gernral Check-up
- Physical Examination
- 检查 Examination
- 入院 Admission to Hospotial
- 退院 Discharge from Hospital
- 症状 Symptom
- 营养 Nutrition
- 病例 Clinical History
- 诊断 Diagnosis
- 治疗 Treatment
- 预防 Prevention
- 呼吸 Respiration
- 便通 Bowel Movement
- 便 Stool
- 血液 Blood
- 脉搏 Pulse, Pulsation
- 尿 Urine
- 脉搏数 Pulse Rate
- 血型 Blood Type
- 血压 Blood Pressure
- 麻醉 Anesthesia
- 全身麻醉 General Anesthesia
- 静脉麻醉 Intravenous Anesthesia
- 脊椎麻醉 Spinal Anesthesia
- 局部麻醉 Local Anesthesia
- 手术 Operation
- 切除 Resectionlie
- 副作用 Side Effect
- 洗净 Irrigation
- 注射 Injection
- X光 X-Ray
- 红外线 Ultra Red-Ray
- 慢性的 Chronic
- 急性的 Acute
- 体格 Build
- 亲戚 Relative
- 遗传 Heredity
- 免疫 Immunity
- 血清 Serum
- 流行性的 Epidemic
- 潜伏期 Incubation Period
- 滤过性病毒 Virus
- 消毒 Sterilization
- 抗生素 Antibiotic
- 脑波 E.E.G
- 洗肠 Enema
- 结核反映 Tuberculin Reaction
- 华氏 Fahrenheit
- 摄氏 Celsius, Centigrade
- 药品 Medicine
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- 冰袋 Ice Bag
- 药品 Medicine (Drug)
- 绷带 Bandage
- 胶带 Adhesive Tape
- 剪刀 Scissors
- 体温计 Thermometer
- 药丸 Tablet, Pill
- 舌下锭 Sublingual Tablet
- 胶囊 Capsules
- 软膏 Ointment
- 眼药 Eye Medicine
- 止咳药 Cough Medicine
- 阿司匹林 Aspirin
- 止疼药 Pain Killer
- 药方 Prescription
症状及名称
- 发烧 Fever
- 高烧 High Fever
- 发冷 Chillsz
- 发汗 Sweats
- 盗汗 Night Sweats
- 倦怠 Tireness
- 失眠 Insomnia
- 肩头发硬 Stiffness in Shoulder
- 打喷嚏 Sneeze
- 打嗝 Hiccup
- 痒 Itch
- 腰疼 Low Back Pain
- 头疼 Headache
- 痛 Pain (Ache)
- 急性疼痛 Acute Pain
- 激痛 Severe Pain
- 钝痛 dull Pain
- 压痛 Pressing Pain
- 刺痛 Sharp Pain
- 戳痛 Piercing Pain
- 一跳一跳地痛 Throbbing Pain
- 针扎似的痛 Prickling Pain
- 烧痛 Burning Pain
- 裂痛 Tearing Pain
- 持续痛 Continuous Pain
- 不舒服 Uncomfortable
- 绞痛 Colic
- 放射痛 Rediating Pain
- 溃烂痛 Sore Pain
- 痉挛痛 Crampy Pain
- 顽痛 Persistent Pain
- 轻痛 Slight Pain
- 血尿 Bloody Urine
- 浓尿 Pyuria
- 粘液便 Mucous Stool
- 粘土样便 Clay-Colored Stool
- 验血 Blood Analysis
- 红血球 Red Cell
- 白血球 White Cell
- 呼吸数 Respiration Rate
- 呼气 Expiration
- 吸气 Inspiration
- 呼吸困难 Difficulty in Breathing
- 不规则脉搏 Irregular Pulse
- 慢脉 Bradycardia
- 快脉 Rapid Pulse
- 尿浑浊 Cloudy Urine
- 蛋白质 Albuminuria
- 糖尿 Glucosuria
- 瘦 thin, Skinny
- 肥 Fat
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